### The Ruling
The ruling, delivered on 27 February, supported Malta-licensed operators that had conducted business in Austria’s market without a local licence. The court determined that previous Austrian judgments were contrary to Maltese public policy.
Austria’s online gambling landscape is dominated by the monopoly operator Casinos Austria. Its Win2Day offering is currently the only licensed online product in the country.
The market, alongside Germany, has faced numerous high-profile player loss claims where players have attempted to reclaim losses from offshore operators, which are deemed illegal within these markets.
Players who gamble outside this monopoly have sometimes found themselves in court, receiving refunds for losses from illegal operators in the market, while others have had to pay back winnings to unlicensed operators. In many cases, the operators involved in these situations are licensed in Malta.
### Malta Judgment
The Maltese ruling this week relates to a player who gambled in 2020 and lost €38,325 via Malta-licensed operator European Lotto and Betting Limited, operating as Lottoland.
An Austrian court had previously ruled that the betting party could recover their losses due to the operator’s illegality in the market, but the case was brought to a local court by the Malta Gaming Authority (MGA).
Malta’s courts argued that the EU Article 56 in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) provides for services (like online gambling) to be offered across EU states.
It acts as a “primary source of community law,” which is a “fundamental rule of the legal order” for both the EU and Malta.
Malta’s court also contended that Austria’s federal law on games of chance and its online gaming monopoly contravenes the TFEU.
As a result, the Maltese court refused to enforce the Austrian judgments, stating that they are contrary to Maltese public policy.
Representing the MGA, Davinia Cutajar, legal partner at WH Partners, stated that the decision has significant implications for the gambling industry, as it “reinforces the autonomy of Maltese regulatory authorities and the jurisdiction of Maltese courts over gambling-related matters.”
Cutajar also highlighted that the compliance of the Austrian monopoly with EU law has been questioned several times.
She mentioned that numerous rulings from the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) supported the view that Austria’s monopoly model violates Article 56 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).
Nigel Birrell, group CEO of Lottoland, welcomed the landmark decision in Malta, stating that it reinforced the operator’s previously expressed position on the matter.
### Past Austrian Decisions
In 2021, when the Austrian Supreme Court ruled that foreign iGaming brands were illegally operating in the country, player contracts were deemed invalid, and players sought to recoup their losses.
That decision impacted Betclic Everest subsidiary Bet-at-home, which was ordered to pay €2.8m in player losses nearly three years after its market withdrawal.
In another case last year, an Austrian customer was ordered to return their winnings to an unnamed unlicensed operator in the market. The courts found that both player and operator had violated Austrian gambling laws, and the contract between them was therefore invalid.
Essentially, that decision ruled that both parties knowingly operated illegally, and the player was ordered to pay the operator’s court fees.
### Austrian Online Gambling Facing Liberalisation
This type of player dispute involving Austria and Maltese-based operators could be reduced in the coming years as Austria is likely on the verge of ending the country’s online casino monopoly.
Casinos Austria was given a 15-year licence and a monopoly on online gambling. However, its licence is due to expire on 30 September 2027. Austrian authorities are expected to begin the tendering process for new licences this year.
Austrian Betting and Gaming Association VP Simon Priglinger-Simader expressed optimism that Austrian online gambling could move away from the monopoly system.
This past December, European Gambling and Betting Association (EGBA) secretary general Maarten Haijer called for Austria to open up online gambling.
“The evidence from across Europe is clear and compelling: multi-licensing works,” Haijer said. “It brings gambling activity into the regulated market, protects consumers, and generates significant tax revenue.”
The Maltese Civil Court has ruled that it will not enforce Austrian court judgments that favored players being awarded refunds for gambling on sites that were not locally licensed.